|
Fyne Court is a National Trust-owned nature reserve and visitor centre in Broomfield, Somerset, England. It was a large English country house belonging to the Crosse family since its construction, although the date when it was built is not known. Andrew Crosse conducted a series of experiments with electricity, including the development of large voltaic piles, at the house during his ownership in the early 19th century. The main building of Fyne Court burnt down in 1894. The buildings which survived the fire have been used as offices and a visitor centre by organisations such as the Somerset Wildlife Trust and Quantock Hills AONB Service since it came into the ownership of the National Trust in 1967. It is surrounded by a large country estate of woodland, ponds and meadows. Within the grounds are a folly and boathouse. ==History== The nature reserve is set in parkland which was originally the pleasure grounds of a large house belonging to pioneer 19th-century electrician, Andrew Crosse,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/fyne-court/ )〕 whose family had owned the house from its construction. Having lost his parents, his father in 1800 and his mother in 1805, Crosse took over the management of the family estates at the age of 21. Among his experiments Crosse erected "an extensive apparatus for examining the electricity of the atmosphere," incorporating at one point an insulated wire some long, later shortened to , suspended from poles and trees. Using this wire he was able to determine the polarity of the atmosphere under various weather conditions. His results were published by his friend George Singer in 1814, as part of Singer's ''Elements of Electricity and Electro-Chemistry''. Along with Sir Humphry Davy (who visited Fyne Court in 1827), Crosse was one of the first to develop large voltaic piles.〔Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 edition, Volume V09, Page 185〕 Although it was not the largest he built, Henry Minchin Noad's ''Manual of Electricity'' describes a battery consisting of 50 jars containing of coated surface. Using his wires Crosse was able to charge and discharge it some 20 times a minute, "accompanied by reports almost as loud as those of a cannon".〔 He became known locally as "the thunder and lightning man".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/wra-1356292904077/369643/ )〕 In 1836 Sir Richard Phillips described seeing a wide variety of voltaic piles at Fyne Court, totalling 2,500, of which 1,500 were in use when he visited. The house burnt down in 1894.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/fyne-court/history/ )〕 However the detached music room in which Crosse conducted his experiments survived,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/wra-1356292904077/369670/ )〕 along with some of the books and oil paintings by Anthony van Dyck and Peter Paul Rubens. The laboratory table on which Crosse carried out experiments stands in the aisle of the Church of St. Mary and All Saints in Broomfield and an obelisk in his memory is in the churchyard. In 1918 several hundred acres of the woodland within the park was sold at an auction in Taunton. Fyne Court has been in the ownership of the National Trust since 1967 and was used as the headquarters of the Somerset Wildlife Trust.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.quantockonline.co.uk/quantocks/villages/broomfield/broomfield1.html )〕 The Quantock Hills AONB Service have their headquarters in the grounds.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.everythingexmoor.org.uk/encyclopedia_detail.php?ENCid=458 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fyne Court」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|